In an age when improvements to digital imaging happen in giant leaps and bounds, it has become harder than ever for those interested in photography to decide on the proper tool for their needs. No longer can we say that you need a proper digital camera to take decent photographs. Just one look at an image taken with a Samsung Galaxy S6 or iPhone 6 is evidence enough of that.
In fact, technology is evolving so quickly that even the very title of this article wouldn’t have been relevant just a few years ago. Mirrorless cameras vs. smartphones? More like DSLRs vs. point and shoots. And while DSLRs are still an important reference for professionals, few would argue that the low-end point and shoot is headed down the fast path to extinction, with the only exceptions being premium compact cameras (large sensor, top performance) and models with specific functions such as waterproof cameras.
Although the title has changed, the core argument we’re facing actually isn’t so different. Mirrorless cameras, like DSLRs, are tools for more serious photographers – those who want excellent image quality and performance, as well as advanced control over the image making process.
Smartphone and point and shoot users, on the other hand, are generally less demanding. For them, it’s more about capturing a snapshot of the moment, and the more straightforward the tool, the better. As for their artistic needs, they can satisfy them with countless apps that provide filters and vintage effects in a matter of seconds.
Of course, this isn’t to say that you won’t see an experienced photographer using a smartphone or a novice using a mirrorless camera. Indeed, you’ll frequently find people using both!
So, what are the tangible differences between mirrorless cameras and smartphone cameras? To find out, let’s look at the following points:
Image Quality
Let’s start off with the characteristic that’s most likely to interest you – image quality. Though today’s smartphones are capable of taking very good images, the average sensor size is still much smaller than a sensor you’ll find inside a mirrorless camera.
But wait, you say your smartphone boasts a high megapixel count? That’s great, but contrary to popular belief, it’s actually sensor size more than the overall megapixel count that makes a difference to image quality. This is because a larger sensor can gather more light and information. The difference becomes especially noticeable in more difficult conditions such as low light or backlit scenes.
Indeed, if image quality were a top priority, I’d much sooner choose a mirrorless camera with an APS-C sensor and 16MP such as the Fujifilm X-T10 than I would a smartphone with a 1/1.5” sensor and 41MP such as the Nokia Lumia 1020, even though the latter has a higher megapixel count. (And we mustn’t forget that larger sensors also have a slew of other advantages such as better dynamic range, superior low-light performance, and less noise.)
That said, a higher megapixel count does give you one big advantage, and that is the ability to crop. Since most smartphones use a digital zoom instead of an optical zoom, the only way to “zoom in” is to crop into the centre of the image. Having a higher resolution allows you to retain more detail and sharpness even if you crop.
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The take-home message:
A smartphone delivers enough image quality if all you ever do is casually document your vacations, take fun snapshots with your friends and family, and share these shots online. Once you start to create more artistic shots, specialise in a niche, or work in more challenging conditions such as low-light, you may find yourself desiring something more.
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Mirrorless – 1 / Smartphone – 0
Size and Convenience
These two points go hand-in-hand. Though mirrorless cameras are small, they aren’t as flat as smartphones, which can easily be stored inside bags and even a jean pocket. It is as natural to carry a smartphone around as, say, your wallet or house keys because it serves many purposes beyond just photography, such as texting, calling, emailing, and surfing the web. The only time we don’t have them on us is when we forget them, which in this age, is akin to forgetting to put on a pair of trousers.
Not so with mirrorless cameras, or any digital camera for that matter. To always carry around a camera is to have the deliberate intention to shoot. You are consciously saying to yourself, “I might come across an interesting photographic opportunity and I’d better be ready.” You cope with the extra weight and bulk in the interest of creating beautiful imagery.
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The take-home message:
If the idea of carrying around extra bulk or weight bothers you, you might be better off sticking with your smartphone.
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Mirrorless – 0 / Smartphone – 1
Speed and Performance
Speed is an area where mirrorless cameras have a big advantage over smartphones. They have a faster and more accurate autofocus system, a better buffer, faster continuous burst speeds, and tracking capabilities. Not only, but the overall operation speed also tends to be faster. It takes a matter of seconds to power on a mirrorless camera, focus, and take a shot.
Smartphones, on the other hand, are better suited to static subjects. They simply don’t have an autofocus or tracking system capable of keeping up with and predicting extremely quick and unexpected movements, though many have a fairly fast continuous shooting speed. It also takes more time to turn on a phone, activate the camera app and set up the shot (though more recent models are becoming increasingly faster).
It should also be mentioned that mirrorless cameras can be used with telephoto lenses that are designed specifically for genres like sports and wildlife. These lenses, thanks to their quick and efficient autofocus mechanism, make it easier to lock onto and track fast-moving subjects.
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The take-home message:
If you shoot a lot of action, be it as ordinary as your kids running around or something more complex such as sports or wildlife, drop the smartphone and go for the camera.
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Mirrorless – 1 / Smartphone – 0
Lenses
Coming back to the topic of lenses, here we have another area where mirrorless cameras reign supreme. If you purchase a MILC (mirrorless interchangeable lens camera), you have the option of changing lenses according to your subject matter. For example, you might choose a wide-angle lens for landscape work, whereas you’d opt for a telephoto zoom for sports or wildlife as suggested in the previous section.
With lenses that have a fast aperture (at least f/2.8), you can also achieve a very shallow depth of field. This means having an in-focus subject against a blurry background. Shallow depth of field is important to photographers because it allows them to separate their subjects from the elements around them.
With smartphones, you don’t have the liberty of being able to change lenses, nor can you achieve a very shallow depth of field because the sensor is too small and the built-in lens generally isn’t fast enough. A select few have an optical zoom such as the Samsung Galaxy K Zoom but the vast majority have a limited digital zoom that crops a portion of the image and enlarges it back to size, causing a loss in resolution and quality.
You can buy small detachable lenses for smartphones, including macro, telephoto, wide-angle and fisheye glass, but none match the quality of a mirrorless lens.
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The take-home message:
If you find yourself wanting to experiment with different lenses and focal lengths, or if you become very interested in a genre that requires a specific lens, it may be a sign that you are ready to take a step up from basic point-and-shoot photography.
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Mirrorless – 1 / Smartphone – 0
Manual control
Wanting more control over the image making process is a sure sign that it is time for you to take your photography to a new level. With a mirrorless camera, you can make precise adjustments to shutter speed, aperture, ISO value, focus, exposure, white balance, and more either from the menu or by using external dials and buttons. You also have the option of shooting in Raw in addition to JPG format, making it possible to tweak your image in post-processing programs like Lightroom or Photoshop.
It is possible to make manual adjustments on most smartphones as well thanks to ever-improving camera software and dedicated apps, but your control is more limited, especially in terms of aperture adjustment. There are a few phones which offer Raw capture, such as the Lumia 1020, HTC One M9 and Panasonic Lumix CM1, but they are still few and far between.
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The take-home message:
Manual control is a topic that generally interests serious photographers who are out to create images with a very specific look and feel. If you want complete control over how your image turns out, a mirrorless camera is the perfect tool to learn on.
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Mirrorless – 1 / Smartphone – 0
Video
Mirrorless cameras are currently on the cutting edge of video technology, with companies like Panasonic, Samsung and Sony at the vanguard of the movement. Camera bodies are smaller than ever before and the technology they house is exciting: 4K video, 4K Photo, and slow motion capabilities are a few that spring to mind. But it’s not just a question of video format. Many of these cameras, such as the Panasonic GH3/GH4 or Sony A7s, now give you high-end/pro video settings that used to only be available on expensive camcorders. In fact, they are often used in the professional audiovisual sector.
Even in the case of smartphones, there isn’t much lacking in terms of specs. It is becoming increasingly common to see smartphones with 4K video (Samsung Galaxy S6, Panasonic CM1) and slow motion capabilities like the recent iPhone 6 (240fps in Full HD). However, as impressive as these specs may seem for a smartphone, many of the same arguments apply: a smaller sensor will give you less quality and less shallow depth of field, you don’t have the advantage of interchangeable lenses, and you have less manual control.
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The take-home message:
If you take a video on a smartphone, it is generally to capture the moment. For more advanced filming, you’ll want to go with a mirrorless camera with excellent video capabilities.
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Mirrorless – 1 / Smartphone – 0
Battery Life
Due to the presence of power-hungry LCD/OLED screens, wireless connectivity, advanced shooting functions such as burst shooting or video, and powerful apps, neither mirrorless cameras nor smartphones have an astounding battery life. The best battery we’ve ever used on a mirrorless camera is that of the Lumix GH3, which lasts a day of intensive use.
The biggest issue with smartphones is that we use them for other things besides photography, so it is more likely that we’ll end up with a dead battery halfway through the day than with a digital camera.
The best workaround is an external charger like the Anker Mini. It has enough juice to fully charge an iPhone 1.5 times over, and can also be used to charge mirrorless cameras that have a USB charger. For any other mirrorless camera, it is wise to carry around at least one extra battery. (For more on this topic, you can read our complete article about mirrorless cameras and battery life.)
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The take-home message:
Today’s technology will chew through a battery in no time at all, so don’t let this be a deciding factor. Just bite the bullet and buy those chargers and extra batteries!
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Mirrorless – 1 / Smartphone – 0
Complexity
Though most mirrorless cameras offer some sort of automatic mode, which can usually be accessed from the mode dial or a dedicated button, there is a steep learning curve if you want to become familiar with all the functions your camera has to offer.
Smartphones, by comparison, are far more straightforward, not only because the image making process tends to be automated but also because we use smartphones on a daily basis for other purposes such as texting, making calls, and browsing the web. It is a tool we already know inside and out because we use it so often.
The complexity issue also applies to the final destination of the majority of our images – usually a social network, photo storage service or hard drive. With mirrorless cameras, you have to either physically transfer your photos from a memory card to a computer or wirelessly transfer them to a smart device. (One exception to this rule is the Samsung NX line-up, whose latest mirrorless cameras can upload images directly to social networks and photo storage services.)
In the case of smartphones, the very tool we use to store and upload photos is also the one we use to take them. That extra step of transferring your images has been removed.
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The take-home message:
Smartphones are less complex, not only as photographic tools but also in how they allow you to store and share images.
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Mirrorless – 0 / Smartphone – 1
Price
Mirrorless cameras and smartphones are both expensive tools but there are a number of reasons the latter will probably end up costing you less in the long run.
The first, and most obvious is that most people don’t have to go out of their way to buy a smartphone for photography because they probably already own one anyway.
Second, all phone companies give you the option of amortising the cost of your smartphone in monthly instalments. It isn’t uncommon to pay off your smartphone over the duration of your contract with the company. (There are finance payment options for mirrorless cameras too but you will need to come to an agreement with your local camera store.)
Finally, though you are free to use your mirrorless camera with nothing but the kit lens, it makes little sense to buy an interchangeable lens camera if you aren’t going to experiment with different lenses in the future. The basic kit may cost just as much as a smartphone but any additional lens you buy is an extra investment.
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The take-home message:
You can wind up paying about the same for a new smartphone as you would a mid-end mirrorless camera with the kit lens. However, extra lenses can quickly hike up the price.
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Mirrorless – 0 / Smartphone – 1
Hey, what about smart lenses?
A new technology that has attempted to bridge the gap between the convenience of smartphone photography and the image quality and performance of interchangeable lens cameras is the “smart lens” or lens camera.
The smart lens houses a sensor of its own and is wirelessly controlled by your smartphone. The sensor sizes range from 1/2.3-inch to APS-C depending on the model but what they all have in common is that they are bigger than the sensor inside your smartphone.
The lens can either be attached to the smartphone via a mount, or used separately. Though the smart lens stores images onto an SD card, they are also saved to your smartphone for easy uploading and sharing.
As of 2015, there are six smart lenses on the market – the QX10, QX100, QX30 and QX1 from Sony, the Air A01 from Olympus, and the DxO One. The QX10, QX100 and QX30 are all zoom lenses while the QX1 and Air A01 are adapters to which lenses can be attached. The former works with Sony E-mount lenses, whereas the latter is for Micro Four Thirds lenses. The DxO One is the most recent announcement and also the most intriguing. It attaches to the iPhone via the Lightning connector, which should provide more direct communication between the two devices.
As you might expect, there are pros and cons for each model. Despite being portable and boasting the same image quality as the best high-end compacts and some mirrorless cameras, connectivity issues, bulkiness, battery life, and of course, expense continue to prevent the concept from reaching its full potential.
Personally speaking, I don’t think that smart lenses are on the path to becoming a valid alternative to smartphones or mirrorless cameras. Smartphones on their own will always be more immediate than a smart lens, and a point and shoot or mirrorless camera will always be easier and more intuitive to use.
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The take-home message:
The smart lens is the kind of technology that falls into the category of “cool gadgets to play with but not necessarily to own.”
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And the mirrorless camera vs. point and shoot debate?
The mirrorless camera vs. point and shoot debate is alive and well, though in this case, we’re not talking about low-end point and shoots but rather high-end pocketable compacts with large sensors. At this time, there are only a couple that stand out from the crowd – the award-winning Sony RX100 series and the Canon G7X.
These compacts are no bigger than your average point-and-shoot but pack some amazing features you’ll often only see on high-end cameras. In addition to the large 1-inch 20MP sensor, you have the advantage of a fast zoom, rapid burst shooting, and amazing movie features. For instance, the RX100 IV (the latest iteration in the RX100 series) is capable of shooting 4K video and slow motion footage up to 1000fps (check out our review here). As for the G7X, it has a vaster zoom range than the RX100 series, and while it doesn’t have a pop-up electronic viewfinder like the RX100 III and IV, it benefits from a touch interface.
Are there other options out there? Yes, but they either house a smaller sensor (such as the Fujifilm XQ2) or have a bigger body (such as the Lumix LX100).
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The take-home message:
If you prioritise compactness and portability above all else, an RX100 series camera or G7X will certainly check all the right boxes. There are five in total, so you can let your needs and budget determine which one is best for you.
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(To find out more about the RX100 series, check out our full review of the RX100 IV. It includes numerous comparisons between the RX100 IV and the previous model, as well as a few words about the I and II versions.)
Mirrorless cameras and smartphones – Can two become one?
I’ve spent a lot of words detailing the differences between mirrorless cameras and smartphones but the truth is that the two technologies are growing more and more similar as the years go by.
The sensor size of smartphones is increasing with each new model that comes out. A great example is the Panasonic Lumix CM1, the first “camera phone” to have a 1-inch sensor, a decent fixed 28mm f/2.8 lens, a shutter release button, and a physical button that allows you to switch between camera and smartphone mode. We are also seeing more and more camera apps that support manual control over exposure, many of which can be used in conjunction with innovative products like the smart lenses discussed above.
Mirrorless cameras, too, are taking on smartphone-esque characteristics. Though we’ve yet to make a phone call or text from one, most mirrorless cameras have WiFi and/or NFC connectivity, and some, such as the aforementioned Samsung NX series, even allow you to upload directly to social networks and or send images by email.
Will the two technologies merge one day? If we’re talking about high-end photographic tools, I have my doubts. Photographers simply appreciate good ergonomics, external dials, viewfinders, and other such features far too much. However, I wouldn’t be surprised if we start to see more “smart” functions incorporated into their software. For example, wouldn’t it be great if we could wirelessly upload a series of images for a client directly from our camera to a storage program like Dropbox?
As for the low-end market, future variations on camera phones like the Lumix CM1 may well begin to replace low-end mirrorless cameras and point and shoots completely, hopefully at a more accessible price and with a better battery life. It is currently the only solution that rolls compactness, portability, manual control, high image quality, good performance, calling, texting, and web surfing into one package, so let’s hope it is only the first of many more interesting products to come.
Which tool do you use for most of your photography and why? Share your thoughts below!
I enjoy your blog and I’m looking forward to your 4K screen clips from the GX8. I’m curious if there’s any difference in the clips versus the LX100.
Every day, I have a 5 minute walk from my office in Washington D.C. to the closest metro stop. That walk takes me through a beautiful park, with an interesting mix of businessmen wearing suits and panhandlers begging for money. As an exercise, I try to get 1 or 2 good pictures on my cell phone during that walk.
I find you can get pretty decent, artistic pictures with an iPhone 6–especially outdoors–if you recognize and embrace the limitations. Instead of relying on tricks (like shallow depth of field), cell phone photography forces me to look for good light and interesting subject matter. For instance, expose for the highlights, let the shadows go black, and try to get interesting interplay of light and dark. Or try to catch the reflections of a tree on a skyscraper. It’s also easier to get interesting “people pictures” with a cell phone than a “real” camera. I find that learning to work around the limitations has improved my a creativity.
When I go on a big vacation, I always take a mirrorless camera (better low light, more focal length options, dynamic range, etc.), but I still find myself taking a decent number of pictures with my iPhone. I just put together a 12×10 inch Blurb photobook of a recent vacation, and was surprised to find that about 10% of the pictures that made it into the book were taken with my iPhone! And if the picture is well exposed in good light, it’s really hard to tell the difference which picture was taken with which camera.
I supect 8K is for shooting in and maybe for some cinemas. For TV it gets edited down to a format that we can actually watch at home, without having a screen the size of wall and buying an aircraft hangar to live in. It is also very useful for us photographers. Panasonic are keen on this. At the Photography show in the spring they were seriously pushing 4K photo.
Yes, and on the Mk3 version, you even have a viewfinder. I only wish that Sony would improve the menu… 🙂
Very true! I probably could have dedicated a section to that as well.
For me and my wife (even though she didn’t know it until after she used it!) the answer is Sony’s RX family for most things. Yeah, it’s a short zoom, but it’s fast and it’s an actual zoom unlike a smart phone. My a6000 is world’s better in low light and for movement and telephoto shots, but otherwise (80% of my shooting), I’m delighted by my RX100m3. No need to worry about what lens is on it, the video is wonderful, and it’s small enough I carry it in my pocket (nevermind her purse) for photos anywhere. Maybe the a6000 will be required when our son starts running, but for now, the RX100 is excellent.
About the one lens issue – I like the juxtaposition between the superzooms which put a little sensor with a very very long, slow, zoom lens that people want to have the option to use (like my mother in law) compared to the moderate wide angle prime on smart phones. I suffered from that too. The second thing I bought for my EVIL camera was a tele-extender for my kit tele-zoom. I haven’t used it in months and I should probably just sell it, but I thought I just HAD to have the extra reach. If a smart phone could have a wide angle prime and a medium tele-prime, would that be appealing? Or is there some kind of ability to put a fast short zoom into a phone body for optical zoom?
What’s the purpose of 8K (or 4K) for that matter, according to Panasonic? Stills from video? Is that it? I do not want a 4K TV because I don’t sit 3 feet from the screen. I think 8K is even sillier.
Nice article. But a major drawback of smartphone shooting is missing, IMO : the lack of viewfinder. Smartphones are good taking photos when there is a lot of light, ok… but you can see nearly nothing on the screen !
I agree totally and the CM1 produces incredible quality stills and 4K video, which is a sign of things to come. Unfortunately it’s very difficult to use – less than 100 shots per battery charge and the screen is so dark in sunlight that I guess a lot of my compositions!
Plus the smartphone manufacturers have to crack this one lens issue. My Samsung K zoom is OK, but not great quality and not easy to use. Rumour is Apples new iPhone will have two lenses, though whether they will combine or be separate entities is unknown.
I think you are right about the hybrid scenario and smartphones already shoot great video. Panasonic reckon it’s going to be around 2019 / 2020 when 8K becomes a reality. This enable stills from video of around 33MP, which could pretty much signify game over for lots of current gear. Hopefully by then we will have processors and storage to cope with the huge file size. And I really do agree that Hybrid is the way things are headed. I’m already shooting lots of 4K video and grabbing stills from it as it enables me to get the right composition. Plus when the internet finally speeds up I think more and more video will get posted, though where all this stuff gets stored who knows.
Thanks for your thoughts, Gary. I agree that smartphones are incredibly convenient for day-to-day photography. We often use ours to share images of the cameras we rent and buy on social media, for example. There are a few characteristics that smartphones will always lack, the main one being the comfortable ergonomics of a camera with its buttons and dials, as you said. I am curious, however, to see just how far they can push the image quality in the years to come.
Thanks for the comment, David. I really like what you said about smartphones turning photography into an activity that has become “the centre stage in people’s lives”. Many photographers bemoan this change, in part because of the competition it has spawned, but I believe it is a change we must all embrace. As I suggested at the end, I too feel we are moving ever closer to a hybrid that embodies the quality and performance of a camera in the small and convenient package of a smartphone, which is something much of the market will certainly pick up on if provided at a reasonable price.
Sure they would. I’ve seen it happen! (And there isn’t anything wrong with that.) It all depends on how important convenience/IQ/lenses/manual control are to you and the kind of photography you want to engage in.
Besides, the point of the article isn’t to say that one should definitively choose one or the other. It’s perfectly normal to use both according to the situation.
This is today’s MF v 35mm, Film v Digital and DSLR v Mirrorless debate. And it’s set to run and run. It’s convenience versus quality and yes new versus old. The latter because smartphones / devices etc. are the first picture taking machines that have truly embraced digital, rather than just bolt digital capture onto what are basically still modified film cameras. Smartphones are wonderful because they have brought photography from an activity that was becoming regarded as deeply suspicious by many to something that is centre stage in peoples lives.
This is down in part to the devices themselves and the rise of social media. And while for most it is simply a way to document their lives, for some, like myself it’s a way to approach photography from a different angle and basically shake up the attitudes and ways of working that I’ve been happy with for years. I love the immediacy, the flexibility and the ‘invisibility’ of using ‘devices’ and I’ve just spent several days experimenting with a GoPro and have been amazed at what it offers me.
And just like all those ‘debates’ I outlined earlier, there will be resistance to what is perceived as a qualitative ‘loss’ but then remember which alternative turned out to be the ‘winner’ in all those debates. In real terms the best smartphones / devices are a match for scanned 35mm film, the early days of digital and virtually all small sensor compact cameras and from the number of smartphone images that I sell and get published, it’s obvious that the buyers of photography have less issue with the output than many photographers.
Finally it’s clear that amount of R & D being thrown at smartphones is going to improve the quality. I’m actually stunned by the massive improvements I’ve seen in just the last two years and would even go so far as to suggest that if this rate of development continues, smartphone technology and quality could surpass ‘ conventional’ cameras in a few years time. Because there is no doubt that this is where the market is. Smartphones outsell stand alone cameras 10:1 and there are many who feel no need to consider anything else for their photographic needs. And strange as it may seem coming from someone who makes his living from photography, that is an idea that seems to be creeping up on me.
Thanks for the article, Heather! For me, the smartphone has its own place in my photography toolbox, so my GX7 and E-PL6 won’t replace it. The smartphone really excels when it comes to quickly snapping everyday things like document, food(to share with friends), scanned papers, announcement posters, printed ads, shop address, tickets, parking spots in the mall(I tend to forget where I park my car), and other similar stuffs that are just to help organizing my everyday routines or to quickly share with friends. Those things don’t require high quality output from the camera and are simply too overkill for both my GX7 or E-PL6.
Also,smartphones nowadays are simply very capable as media consumption devices although they are relatively small compared to computer screen/printed photos. The gallery management and easy sharing capabilities over chat/email/socmed of smartphone combined with high res screen for pleasant photo viewing of the smartphone really add more values to my overall photography experience even without using the smartphone’s built in camera. Combine those features with wifi enabled mirrorless camera such as my GX7 or an Eye-Fi equipped camera, you’ll get the best combination of photographic devices.
However, when it comes to taking a proper image, a smartphone won’t beat any mirrorless camera yet. The dynamic range, ergonomics, the ability to change lenses, the full manual control, the flexibility of the files in post processing, etc, aren’t yet available in smartphone. Even with smart lenses, they still rely on the smartphone as their UI to change many of its settings, so it won’t be as quick as cameras with dedicated buttons and dials.
Why is it even a question is beyond me…… Heather, really? Camera enthusiast or even a beginner wouldnt settle for a phone to learn how to shoot photos. C’mon!